Tag: psychology

Spiritual Dimension of the Psyche

Five thing essay: the spiritual dimension of the psyche

The pursuit of meaning in life requires the defining of existential goals for oneself. These may include whatever endeavors enrich one’s life, within the framework of meaningful tasks. Although the tasks themselves may not appear to be meaningful, they may lead to a greater good reward. So, consistency requires diligence and work.

The dominant mode of thought amongst those who seek self-improvement, especially in the area of mental health, as well as the overall zeitgeist is that the pursuit of homeostasis is essential to wholeness in one’s life. Yet, Frankl posits that the dynamic tension in life between oneself and one’s goals is key to a fulfilling life. Thus, he compares this concept to the need to strengthen an arch by placing one more stone into that structure, in order to fulfill its purpose. It is the tension of the stones against each other that braces the archway.

So, if we would like to walk through the doorway that leads toward a life of enrichment, then it is not about seeking whatever might relieve the tension in our lives. Rather, it is about focusing on the pursuit of meaningful goals, that will contribute to the overall richness of our life. This may entail a reorientation of one’s entire life, toward the finding out of what is most meaningful as a unique individual and seeking the fulfilment of that meaning.

The obstacles in the way of reaching a goal may be the enticement of our psyche by whatever would provide immediate gratification, relief from stress and pleasure, only providing a temporary diversion from our goals. Yet, the true way to freedom is through the transcendence of our struggles by continuing in meaningful tasks, experiences, and endeavors. Too much freedom in the sense of giving ourselves breaks from what is most important will detract from the gain that will result from responsibilities.

Therefore, it may help as a guideline, for anyone interested in pursuing a life of meaningful intent, to contrast the Freud’s “will to pleasure,” with Frankl’s “will to meaning.” It is necessary to differentiate between the pleasure-seeking principle that operates within a human being, from the noological or spiritual dimension within us that may only be gratified through meaningful endeavors and experiences. Both of these polarities exist within us; yet, it is recommended to not fall sway to the natural inclinations, rather to the aspects of ourselves that allow for the highest fulfillment of a human being, that of transcending the physical for a higher purpose.

Shifting Values

The psychical structure known as the superego, within a Freudian context, represented the inculcation of values from society, that served to moderate the inappropriate impulses that originated in the Id. The ego is the mediating factor, between an individual’s impulses and the constraints learned from societal norms.

Freud lived in Austria during the first half of the 19th century when the norms of society were based upon a stringent level of morality and etiquette. So, the concept of the superego was dependent upon a set of moral norms that would serve to rebuff the unruly impulses an raw emotions of the Id. In other words, the strength of the superego was context-dependent upon the moral vigor of society.

However, the established norms of one society, and time period give way to the diminished values of another society and time period. Therefore, the influence of norms of the superego are dependent upon the shifting sands of the moral values of society.

If there is no stable set of norms in society, then the superego has nothing constancy to counteract the feelings, desires, and impulses of the Id. The more society devolves, the more the Id has influence over a person, if the cultural norms are accepted.

So, it is clear that the superego must be nourished by means other than going along with the zeitgeist, if indeed the current milieu of culture has gone astray. These are challenging times, whereof the lines are being drawn between those who seek righteousness, and those who abandon caution to the wind. Yet, true freedom is when we don’t let our Id rule our ego.

Therefore, we need something more substantial to nourish the superego of the psyche. In consideration of the superego’s strength, it can also be dependent on the values of one’s parents and community. Realistically speaking, it is our own personal obligation to boost the strength of the superego.

If as individuals, an appropriate value system can be developed, based upon moral philosophy, ethics, or religious principles, this will be the decisive factor in the battle for maintaining one’s moral character in the face of the onslaught of pseudo-values being proffered in the wake of the zeitgeist.

We are not meant to be subservient to the Id, representative of base desires and impulses that must be transformed into appropriate channels of expression. Rather, G-d has given mankind a conscience, that permits us to decide upon what is to be rejected, and what is to accepted, in regard to our inner being (Isaiah 7:15). Thus, the conscience is linked to the concept of the superego.

Our free will combines with the conscience, and the superego, creating a powerhouse, with the ability to choose right from wrong. This is the domain of the ego (as a psychical structure), to mediate between the inner conflicts within the psyche, and make decisions in accordance with reality.

We are not to be reduced to deterministic beings; rather, we have been given a soul, with the inunction to choose between good and evil. As is written, “see I have set before thee this day, life and good, and death and evil” (Deuteronomy 30:15).

The problem is that within the framework of the current cultural shift, that began decades, if not centuries ago, the demarcation between good and evil is being blurred. “Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter” (Isaiah 5:20).

Existential Isolation: Transforming the Soul

Exploring the Ground of Being and G-d Awareness

A sense of groundlessness can lead to either despair, or the existential discovery of G-d. Unless addressed in the ensuing days, weeks and months, despair will always appear as a factor to be rendered with, by alleviating the isolation with a continuous search for the author of our being.

Existential psychology, in and of itself, does not recognize divine authorship of the human being; and, therefore it fails in two concerns. Not to recognize G-d as a source of hope, strength and comfort; and, secondly, neglecting the soul’s divine blueprint, with a G-d given purpose in life stamped on the essence of each individual.

This leaves a person grappling with self-identity, self-expression, and freedom without the inherent obligations commended by G-d’s word. Thus, the freedom without responsibilities acknowledged from a transcendent source, can potentially render the soul groundless, time and time again, until that sense of groundlessness is sublimated by the psyche, and filled up with the distractions in life that keep our minds distant from a higher purpose.

What is the answer? Existential psychology would both applause and critique this freedom as the opportunity to be our own authors in life; yet, while potentially becoming overwhelmed with the possibilities, especially without a sense of moral ground. (The truth is that we are not free, because of our sin nature; however, I will leave that to another time for further exploration.).

Society is being drawn toward the illusion of freedom today, with the resultant option that arises by default, namely, a pervasive nihilism whether implicit or explicit in the lives of people, who are inclined to gravitate more toward materialism than a sense of inner purpose and transcendent values.

Perhaps, it is simply when the groundlessness of our lives becomes apparent at a time of some existential crisis, that we are brought face to face with either G-d or ourselves. And, I would presume to think that it is only human nature to vacillate between the two. I am speaking of my own experience, as well as an intuition intermingled with various sources that address this fundamental truth of our existence; for instance, theology, philosophy, psychology and specific scriptural passages from the Bible.

For myself, this relatively new awareness of the groundlessness of my life has become a kind of fertile void, wherein I am able to explore more freely than in the past. Furthermore, I have gone into the depths of my own heart, and the heights of connecting to G-d through prayer, while also plummeting the wisdom of kitvei kodesh (holy scripture).

For the most part, there is a distinct blend of subjectivity with objectivity in what I am writing, as an exposition on my initial thoughts, based upon the beginning of my exploration of this condition, that needs to be named, defined, and brought out in relief by the findings of others who preceded me in their exploration, and surpass me in wisdom.

Thus, I make no pretense of knowing anything, except the experience of being that has not left me since its initial inception in my own life, when I was brought to a place of existential isolation on my last night of quarantine, after contracting Omicron, in November of 2022. It would certainly be interesting to know, if anyone else has had a similar experience, and found it to be life-changing event. (please, feel free to comment if you have).

Shalom aleichem (Peace unto you).